Managing Organization- Final Paper

QUESTION 1-Define, compare and contrast one way and two-way communication. Provide examples of each.

One way communication is a straight-line communication process. It does not depict feedback from the receiver. On the other hand, two-way communications involve feedback from the receiver.  Newsletters, School handbooks, progress reports, and report cards are examples of one-way communication. Alternatively, surveys, conversation, and focus groups are some notable examples of two-way communication. The big difference between the one way and two-way communication is the dependency. However, two-way communication is widely used in different organizations. It is quite visible in the form of the face-to-face communication. Acquiring feedback from the two-way communication is quite easy, and therefore, it has emerged as a critical preference in the contemporary environment. Two-way communication is more meaningful as compared to one way conversation (Robbins and Judge).

QUESTION 2-Compare the Fiedler Model and Situational Leadership Theory. Note which is superior: the notion that there is one best way to manage or lead ala. Theory X and Theory Y-or-a contingency based approach advocating multiple ways to lead given a situational approach.

The big difference between the Fiedler model and situational leadership is the driving force. For Instance, the Fiedler model states the effectiveness of the administration along with several personality traits of the leader to justify the changes in the leadership style. Comparatively, situational leadership emphasizes different situations and circumstances to change the leadership style.    In situational leadership, the leader may integrate with the developmental level of followers.  Comparatively, the Fiedler model depicts the focus on personal development. Situational leadership is superior because it streamlines the development of followers.  It is a fact that the contingency based approach is the best way to lead situational leadership. The leader has to know and streamline its plan for the company and followers, and accordingly, he may predict his behavior, which can lead to success (Robbins and Judge).

QUESTION 3-Compare the following bases of power:

a. Coercive power,

b. Reward power, c. Legitimate power, d. Expert power, and

e. Referent power

Describe how you could constructively use each of these “power bases.”

when you’re working in a leadership position during your career.

I want to use each of these powers in an organization when making and controlling the teamwork.  Team building is a prominent tough point for me to meet people and demonstrate power.

QUESTION 4-Describe how you and your peers should use Impression Management (p. 440…) to further your career as you complete your college and graduate school education.

After the degree competition, I would like to work with my peers to practice impression management. It is an effort to change and control the perception of other people. Several techniques can be adopted by me and my peers (Robbins and Judge). For Instance, favoring others in college and after degree completion is the best trait to control the perceived information of others. Favoring others can create a positive perception.  People may think that I always want to help others in different situations. Another prominent technique, which can be used, is conformity. I can adopt the personality traits and behavior of others, which have been perceived positively in society. In both community and organizations, I can take advantage of it.

QUESTION 5-Describe how you should profitably use the Negotiation Process outlined in Exhibit 14-8 (p. 474) to purchase a new or used vehicle for the purpose of commuting 100 miles a day to your new lucrative position with employer “X” who has just hired you because of your excellent performance while attending U. Mass. Boston.

Buying a used vehicle at a low price is always a big challenge for everyone. I need a high bargaining power to find the best price and make the final call. However, I would like to start with the preparation. I have to do my homework first regarding the market and vehicle information. I will exchange the information with the dealer. For Instance, I will tell him about my new traveling job and the required mileage of the car. It seems like an information exchange. He will reveal the price of the vehicle, and I will bargain to get it into my budget range. After getting the right price, closing and commitment stage will occur. It looks like an effective negotiation process, as it can help me to get the right vehicle on time (Robbins and Judge).

QUESTION 6-Describe from your reading and class discussion 4 common types of interviews used by employers to screen and select new employees.

Individual, group, behavioral, and competency are four common types of interviews, which are to be conducted by employers during the recruitment process.  The individual interview is a face-to-face interview process. The employer may put all their attention to the candidate directly to derive personality insights. To save the cost and time, the employer may interview a group of candidates at the same time. The behavior interview depicts some unstructured questions to delve more rooted in the individual personality. In the competency interview, the candidate will be tested through asking questions, which are relevant to the job description, skills, and competencies. Depending on the job nature or position, a particular interview type can be used by the employer to hire or screen employees.

QUESTION 7-Describe how you could constructively use Lewin’s Three Step Change model to restructure University of Massachusetts Boston into a profitable private university (v. current status as a public university).

Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze are three change steps of the Lewis, change model.  It is a cost-effective change process, which can help to make changes at the University of Massachusetts and beat public universities. In the first step (unfreezing) the management of the organization will create the urgency by communicating the change. The administration has to ensure that all stakeholders are ready for the change.  In the second step, the university will be changed through reshaping the culture, cost structure, and transformation of roles and responsibilities. After getting the general acceptance by all key stakeholders, the management will refreeze the system to make changes permanent (Robbins and Judge).

QUESTION 8-What is stress? Is stress good or bad? Describe with examples 3 (each) common ways to eliminate, or better cope with stress.

Stress is the behavior of an individual’s body to different works, demands or threats. In the contemporary era and liberal societies, stress has been perceived as positive or negative. For Instance, if a person is running a feminism campaign in a conservative community, he may face immense criticism or threats. It seems positive because he struggles to meet goals and objectives. Stress is also dangerous because it reduces the ability of an individual to think broader (Robbins and Judge). A person may be restrained to observe the big picture to solve different issues. The first way to reduce stress is to get a balanced diet, and it can improve the physical condition and mental health to manage things. Another way to eliminate stress is to be mindful. The example is increasing cognitive skills to perceive things positively. Music is the best way to alter things and shape behavior. For example, if a person likes soft rock, he can listen to it in case of any work burden.

Work Cited

Robbins, Stephen P. and Timothy A. Judge. Organizational Behavior. 17. Pearson Education Limited, 2017.