1-Describe the acute and chronic effects of cocaine use.
Cocaine, which as a substance is readily absorbed by the body, adversely affects the body in several manners. The short-effects or acute effects of cocaine use are different from the chronic effects. For instance, when an individual is exposed to cocaine, which instantly increases the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in a body, his/her heart rate increases. Blood pressure is also affected by the use of cocaine, which directly affects the ability to function and aggression. Another short-term acute effect is chest pains, which occur frequently, but randomly.
Chronic effects differ slightly from acute effects; however, they are linked, as all studies on this subject suggest. A person, who has been exposed to this substance for a long period, his/her health is affected in several manners. He/she becomes more aggressive, his/her irritability increases, he/she may start hallucinating, may become delusional, restless, and may suffer from anxiety, panic, and paranoia. Liver failure, heart failure, renal failures is extreme effects.
2-Describe the short-term and long-term treatment strategies for heroin dependence.
There are various kinds of treatments, which can be used as a strategy for a person, who is a heroin abuser. The two primary methods of treatments or treatment strategies are 1) Pharmacological Treatment and 2) Behavioral Therapies. The length of these procedures varies, and for that reason, these processes are divided into two different categories; short and long-term. Pharmacological Treatments could be both short and long-term. Various studies on this subject suggest that Pharmacological treatments are extremely effective and such treatments have a higher retained rate. Studies also suggest that they have an immediate effect on a patient.
Behavioral Treatments, on the other hand, are usually long treatments and their results are mixed. The retention rate, of such treatments, is also very low and because of that, it is not able to produce desired results. Also, results require time, which is why they are long-term. It is suggested that a mix of Pharmacological and Behavioral treatments should be used for best results.
3-Discuss the effects of opioid drugs on the mind and body.
Opioid drugs, which include Heroine, Morphine, Cocaine, etc., effects body and mind adversely, in both short and long terms. In the short term, it affects metabolism, breathing, heartbeat, liver functioning, hormonal balance, blood pressure and other such functions of the body. Because of these challenges, a person becomes less functional, as his/her ability to function reduces drastically. In the long term, liver, heart, kidneys may fail to function properly or definitely.
Mental stability is also affected by the abuse of opioid substances. For instance, the hallucinations become more frequent, a person becomes delusional and his ability to think and act reduces. Also, there are several adverse behavioral changes in a person, such as irritability and aggressive behavior.
4-Discuss the current patterns of methamphetamine abuse.
There are different patterns of methamphetamine abuse; however, it depends upon the discretion of an individual how he/she intends to abuse the substance. For instance, smoking is one of the methods to abuse methamphetamine. This method is quite simple and most popular. The other most popular method of the abuse of methamphetamine is snorting. It is also a simple method, which is equally notorious.
In addition to snorting and smoking, intravenous administrations are also frequently using. Intravenous administrations are more effective; however, the process is more dangerous and can cause various kinds of infections; if the needle is dirty. Some variants of the methamphetamine can be used in cocktails, which increases alarmingly increases risks attached to the abuse.
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